Romanticism was an artistic movement that occurred in Europe around 1800, which represents the changes in individual plan, highlighting the personality, sensitivity, emotion and inner values. Reached first
literature and philosophy, and then express themselves through the arts. The romantic literature, covering the epic and lyric, drama romance, was a movement of guarding and had great impact in shaping the society of the time, unlike the plastic arts, which have played a role less avant-garde.
Romantic art opposed the rationalism of the era of the French Revolution and its ideals, proposing the elevation of feelings over thought. Interestingly, no one can speak of a typical romantic aesthetics, since none of the artists moved away completely from the scholarship, but a conceptual homogeneity in the subject works.
podução The romantic art reinforced individualism at medidade that was based on emotional values \u200b\u200bIt is very subjective imaginary, taking as model the dramas and romantic medieval heroic legends, from which revalued the concepts of homeland and republic. Special role played a heroic death in war and suicide for love.
PAINTING The painting was the branch of plastic arts more meaningful, it was definitely a vehicle that would consolidate the ideal of a time, using dramitico sentimental themes inspired by literature and history. Search on the content rather than the values \u200b\u200bof art, emotive effects, particularly focusing on historical painting and in less degree the sacred painting.
Again the French Revolution and its aftermath serve as inspiration, now for a drama as can be seen in Delacroix and Goya. We can say that the latter expressed a trend of most political romanticism, except for that time and became valued in the twentieth century.
The colors are freed and strengthened, giving the impression sometimes being more important than the actual contents. The landscape began to play the leading role, not as stage makeup, but in close relationship with the characters of the works and as its means of expression.
Romanticism was marked by love of nature and authentic freedom, the acquisition of a poetic sensibility for the landscape, valued by the profusion of colors, reflecting the state of spirit of the author.
In France and Spain, romanticism has produced a painting of great narrative force and a daring chromaticism, while dramatic and dark. This applies to the tables of the killings of Delacroix, or the Colossus of Goya, who anticipated, in a way, the truncated brushwork of Impressionism.
ARCHITECTURE The architecture of Romanticism was marked by contradictory elements, making this form of expression somewhat less expressive. The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as marked by a series of transformations involving industrilaização, valuing and rearranging the urban life. The architecture of the time reflects these changes; new materials were used as iron and then steel.
At the same time, churches and castles outside the city limits, have retained some characteristic of other periods, such as the Gothic and classic. This reappearance of older styles was related to the recovery of national identity.
Urbanization in Europe determined the construction of public buildings and rental buildings for middle and upper middle classes, not aesthetic, concerned only with the greatest farm income, and thus forgotten the ultimate goal of architecture , leaving the lower classes in neighborhoods whose conditions were dire.
Among the most renowned architects of the period of historicism or eclecticism, it should be mentioned Garnier, head of drama at the Paris Opera, Barry and Puguin, who rebuilt the Parliament in London, and Waesemann, Germany, responsible for the Gothic district of Berlin . In Spain there has been a curious revival of Mudejar art in the construction of monasteries and churches, and England came the so-called Gothic Hindu. The latter, in some cases, revealed more distasteful than art.
SCULPTURE The sculpture romantic not exactly shone by their originality, nor by mastery of their artists. Perhaps one can think of that period as a time to be quiet before the battle which would then catch the impressionist and modern avant-garde. From a functional standpoint, the romantic sculpture did not depart from funeral monuments, equestrian statue of decoration and architectural style indefinite midway between classicism and the baroque.
The big news was romantic theme of the sculpture from the representation of animals in exotic lands or hunting scenes struggle, the scenes in the style of Rubens. Not abandoned the heroic motives and solemn tributes in the form of oversized statues kings and military. In contrast, became more rare religious themes. The most prominent sculptors of this period were Rude and Barye, France, Bartolini, Italy, and Kiss, Germany.
sources:
Multimedia Encyclopedia of Universal Art
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